SELLING FOR CHEAP. 500 ELEGANT CARRIER BAGS. Brand new ...
SELLING FOR CHEAP. 500 ELEGANT CARRIER BAGS. Brand new. Not even out of the box. Cost me over R8000. Business didn't work out. They are located a
Buy the latest designer fashion: Chloé, Marc Jacobs, Miu Miu & moreHottest&Cheapest Fashion Clothing. Special Offers & Low Price.Buy Now This Blog Talking for women in Life. We wish you happy browsing in my Blog Have anise Time
lundi 7 janvier 2013
The CheapChica's Guide to Style
The Cheap Chica's Guide to Style
are extremely easy to take from office to happy hour. ... Their entire boot line is the perfect way to blend fashion and function during the stormier seasons and I'm so excited to have let my nearest
Bamboo Terry Cloth Robe for Women - Ecovaganza - Terry
Bamboo Terry Cloth Robe for Women - Ecovaganza - Terry
co Friendly Clothing Gift. Men's Terry Bath Robe, TowelSelections Turkish Terry Bathrobe - Luxury Robe for Women and Men, Rayon from Bamboo / Egyptian
Women's Petite Sizes: Women's | Free Shipping at
Women's Petite Sizes: Women's | Free Shipping at
Free Shipping on women's women's petite sizes and otherwomen's clothing at llbean.com. Our Classic Flannel Shirt, Designed Just for Women. Find Grea
Living the Luxurious Life in Cesme, Turkey | AAORTW
Living the Luxurious Life in Cesme, Turkey | AAORTW
The women were dressed up, but more in a going out way—tight jeans and strapless tops. Based on what I'd seen of Turkish women's clothing, I didn't think
Genuine Belly dancing outfits from Turkey | Other Women's Clothing ...
Genuine Belly dancing outfits from Turkey | Other Women's Clothing
- Genuine Belly dancing outfits from Turkey 18000 each 4 piece red with gold sequins includes elastic waist chiffon skirt, sequenced belt, top head piece 4
Young women in Turkey - What is appropriate to wear? - Lonely
Young women in Turkey - What is appropriate to wear? - Lonely
female travelling to Turkey this May. I'm wondering what type of clothes to pack to battle the heat and also remain
special offers women day
special offers women day
For domestic travel, 10 percent discount would be available on jetairways.com or jetlite.com for domestic services operated by Jet Airways, Jet Airways’ Konnect service or JetLite.
source: http://women-clothes-store.blogspot.com
International Women's Day is celebrated on 8th March every Year. Every Year we get so many offers and deals on women's day. Last Year we got offer from Many companies like : Air India Gave Free Tickets for all women, Big Cinema offered Free Movie tickets for all girls. ICICI Bank also offer lot of great deals last year on women's day (8th March 2011).
We
will list all the Women's Day Exclusive Offers and Deals of 2012 here
in this post. Rest assured we will post each and every offer available
on this women's day.
1. Women's Day Offer: Jet Airways- Every group with at least one woman traveller that makes an online booking at jetairways.com, will enjoy a five percent discount on international travel’s base fare and fuel surcharge (excluding applicable taxes).
1. Women's Day Offer: Jet Airways- Every group with at least one woman traveller that makes an online booking at jetairways.com, will enjoy a five percent discount on international travel’s base fare and fuel surcharge (excluding applicable taxes).
For domestic travel, 10 percent discount would be available on jetairways.com or jetlite.com for domestic services operated by Jet Airways, Jet Airways’ Konnect service or JetLite.
source: http://women-clothes-store.blogspot.com
Life Spans Shrink for Least-Educated Whites in the U.S
Life Spans Shrink for Least-Educated Whites in the U.S.
For
generations of Americans, it was a given that children would live
longer than their parents. But there is now mounting evidence that this
enduring trend has reversed itself for the country’s least-educated
whites, an increasingly troubled group whose life expectancy has fallen
by four years since 1990.
John Gress for The New York Times
S. Jay Olshansky, the lead researcher in a study that showed a life span drop based on education.
Multimedia
Readers’ Comments
Readers shared their thoughts on this article.
Researchers
have long documented that the most educated Americans were making the
biggest gains in life expectancy, but now they say mortality data show
that life spans for some of the least educated Americans are actually
contracting. Four studies in recent years identified modest declines,
but a new one that looks separately at Americans lacking a high school
diploma found disturbingly sharp drops in life expectancy for whites in
this group. Experts not involved in the new research said its findings
were persuasive.
The
reasons for the decline remain unclear, but researchers offered
possible explanations, including a spike in prescription drug overdoses
among young whites, higher rates of smoking among less educated white
women, rising obesity, and a steady increase in the number of the least
educated Americans who lack health insurance.
The
steepest declines were for white women without a high school diploma,
who lost five years of life between 1990 and 2008, said S. Jay
Olshansky, a public health professor at the University of Illinois at
Chicago and the lead investigator on the study, published last month in
Health Affairs. By 2008, life expectancy for black women without a high
school diploma had surpassed that of white women of the same education
level, the study found.
White
men lacking a high school diploma lost three years of life. Life
expectancy for both blacks and Hispanics of the same education level
rose, the data showed. But blacks over all do not live as long as
whites, while Hispanics live longer than both whites and blacks.
“We’re
used to looking at groups and complaining that their mortality rates
haven’t improved fast enough, but to actually go backward is deeply
troubling,” said John G. Haaga, head of the Population and Social
Processes Branch of the National Institute on Aging, who was not
involved in the new study.
The
five-year decline for white women rivals the catastrophic seven-year
drop for Russian men in the years after the collapse of the Soviet
Union, said Michael Marmot, director of the Institute of Health Equity
in London.
The
decline among the least educated non-Hispanic whites, who make up a
shrinking share of the population, widened an already troubling gap. The
latest estimate shows life expectancy for white women without a high
school diploma was 73.5 years, compared with 83.9 years for white women
with a college degree or more. For white men, the gap was even bigger:
67.5 years for the least educated white men compared with 80.4 for those
with a college degree or better.
The
dropping life expectancies have helped weigh down the United States in
international life expectancy rankings, particularly for women. In 2010,
American women fell to 41st place, down from 14th place in 1985, in the
United Nations rankings. Among developed countries, American women sank
from the middle of the pack in 1970 to last place in 2010, according to
the Human Mortality Database.
The
slump is so vexing that it became the subject of an inquiry by the
National Academy of Sciences, which published a report on it last year.
“There’s
this enormous issue of why,” said David Cutler, an economics professor
at Harvard who was an author of a 2008 paper that found modest declines
in life expectancy for less educated white women from 1981 to 2000.
“It’s very puzzling and we don’t have a great explanation.”
And
it is yet another sign of distress in one of the country’s most
vulnerable groups during a period when major social changes are
transforming life for less educated whites. Childbirth outside marriage
has soared, increasing pressures on women who are more likely to be
single parents. Those who do marry tend to choose mates with similar
education levels, concentrating the disadvantage.
Inklings
of this decline have been accumulating since 2008. Professor Cutler’s
paper, published in Health Affairs, found a decline in life expectancy
of about a year for less educated white women from 1990 to 2000. Three
other studies, by Ahmedin Jemal, a researcher at the American Cancer
Society; Jennifer Karas Montez, a Robert Wood Johnson Foundation Health
and Society Scholar at Harvard; and Richard Miech, a professor at the
University of Colorado Denver, found increases in mortality rates (the
ratio of deaths to a population) for the least educated Americans.
Professor Olshansky’s study, financed by the MacArthur Foundation Research
Network on an Aging Society, found by far the biggest decline in life
expectancy for the least educated non-Hispanic whites, in large part
because he isolated those without a high school diploma, a group usually
combined with high school graduates. Non-Hispanic whites currently make
up 63 percent of the population of the United States.
Researchers
said they were baffled by the magnitude of the drop. Some cautioned
that the results could be overstated because Americans without a high
school diploma — about 12 percent of the population, down from about 22
percent in 1990, according to the Census Bureau — were a shrinking group
that was now more likely to be disadvantaged in ways besides education,
compared with past generations.
Professor
Olshansky agreed that the group was now smaller, but said the magnitude
of the drop in life expectancy was still a measure of deterioration.
“The good news is that there are fewer people in this group,” he said.
“The bad news is that those who are in it are dying more quickly.”
Researchers,
including some involved in the earlier studies that found more modest
declines in life expectancy, said that Professor Olshansky’s methodology
was sound and that the findings reinforced evidence of a troubling
pattern that has emerged for those at the bottom of the education
ladder, particularly white women.
“Something
is going on in the lives of disadvantaged white women that is leading
to some really alarming trends in life expectancy,” said Ms. Montez of
Harvard.
Researchers offered theories for the drop in life expectancy, but cautioned that none could fully explain it.
James
Jackson, director of the Institute of Social Research at the University
of Michigan and an author of the new study, said white women with low
levels of education may exhibit more risky behavior than that of
previous generations.
Overdoses
from prescription drugs have spiked since 1990, disproportionately
affecting whites, particularly women. Professor Miech, of the University
of Colorado, noted the rise in a 2011 paper in the American
Sociological Review, arguing that it was among the biggest changes for
whites in recent decades and that it appeared to have offset gains for
less educated people in the rate of heart attacks.
Ms.
Montez, who studies women’s health, said that smoking was a big part of
declines in life expectancy for less educated women. Smoking rates have
increased among women without a high school diploma, both white and
black, she said. But for men of the same education level, they have
declined.
This
group also has less access to health care than before. The share of
working-age adults with less than a high school diploma who did not have
health insurance rose to 43 percent in 2006, up from 35 percent in
1993, according to Mr. Jemal at the American Cancer Society. Just 10
percent of those with a college degree were uninsured last year, the
Census Bureau reported.
The
shift should be seen against the backdrop of sweeping changes in the
American economy and in women’s lives, said Lisa Berkman, director of
the Harvard Center for Population and Development Studies. The
overwhelming majority of women now work, while fertility has remained
higher than in European countries. For women in low-wage jobs, which are
often less flexible, this could take a toll on health, a topic
that Professor Berkman has a grant from the National Institute on Aging
to study.
source: http://women-clothes-store.blogspot.com
Women in Life Sciences (WiLS) (Faculty of Life Sciences - The
Alison
Gurney represents the Faculty as part of the SWAN Self-assessment
panel, who prepared the application after collecting, analysing and
comparing key data on gender equality over the last 3 years. This
included female staff and student numbers, the gender profile of staff
at each grade and on decision-making committees, promotion applications
and success, parental leave and flexible working. The group prepared an
action plan to address remaining issues, such as the increasingly low
proportion of female staff with increasing grade and the low numbers of
women applying for promotion. The action plan will be rolled out over
the next year.
Alison
Gurney and Fiona Coll (HR Manager) attended an award ceremony at the
Botanical Gardens in Birmingham at the end of September to collect the
Faculty’s Athena Swan Silver Award.
For more information about the award, visit:
source: http://women-clothes-store.blogspot.com Sue Shear Institute for Women in Public Life
Horseback
Riding in the 19th Century could be just as appealing to young ladies
as in our present day - with a bit more of a challenge!Riding sidesaddle or "aside" as it was euphemized,
is no easy feat! I can speak from experience, having attempted this
daunting venture at least twice and I have been riding off and on since I
was five. Granted, nowadays, women have the advantage of riding
astride; to me, a far more secure seat, although "aside" riders DO exist
and some declare that sidesaddle is a far safer mode! Granted, it IS
very elegant and charming and requires a great deal of motivation and
skill.
| Be sure to check out the World Sidesaddle Federation, Inc. Their site is a wonderful compilation of facts and history concerning the graceful art of riding "aside" today as well as in the past! |
| Most who could afford to ride were of more than moderate means, as maintaining a horse and having a stylish habit fitted required more than a pittance. The horse, too, had to usually be instructed in carrying a lady and there were many notices of animals being described as a "lady's horse or pony"; usually docile and even tempered. |
 |
| Held by his groom, this elegantly stylish animal is ready for his mistress' morning ride. |
| Once
a lady decided that she wanted to ride, a fitting for a habit was
required. One simply did not ride in one's street or everyday clothes!
During the 19th Century, the habit, like most dress went through
various changes; what was fashionable in one decade became passe' in
another.Nannie Power
O'Donoghue, a prominent Irish horsewoman of the 1880's, wrote of the
changing styles and prevelant tastes in habits: "For dusty roads a black gauze veil will be found useful, but avoid as you would poison, every temptation to wear even the faintest scrap of colour on horseback. All such atrocities as blue and green veils have happily long since vanished, but, even still, a red bow, a gaudy flower stuck in the buttonhole, and oh, horror of horrors! a pocket handkerchief appearing like a miniature fomentation - these still occasionally shock the eyes of sensitive persons and cause us to marvel at the wearer's bad taste." (1) From the 1830's through the early 1870's the skirt was full and flowing and although picturesque, could cause a danger to both rider and horse. There were varied accounts of the skirts catching brush, tree limbs and even entangling in the horses' legs which could cause some nasty and sometimes, fatal spills. (2) Of course, one's habit had to be no less than fashionable and ladies' magazines were full of plates which usually contained one or two with a riding habit in it's description. |
 |  |
| 1849 Godey's Fashion Plate depicting two styles of fashionable habits for young ladies. | This 1847 Godey's Plate, although highly romanticized, shows the full, flowing skirt which could be as dangerous as it was showy. |
 |
| Looking as if she had just stepped out of a Godey Fashion Plate, this circa 1850's equestrianne sports a fashionable habit, large watch and chain at her waist and carries a gold handled crop. (Taken from an ambrotype) |
| As the century progressed, so did the style of the habit. In the mid 1870's the skirt was less full and apt to flow down to the horse's legs when the rider was seated. Likewise, the habit itself became more taylored in appearance, eventually evolving into the sidesaddle habit we know today. |
 |  |
| Young woman from the early 1870's in a habit with the still somewhat full skirt and taylored bodice. She wears a "topper" and veil and surprisingly what appears to be a petticoat! | These two ladies, from a mid-1870's fashion plate are sporting the same style of habit, however, the lady on the left appears to also be wearing a petticoat. |
| What did ladies wear underneath? Although the ladies above appear to be sporting lovely embroidered petticoats for some strange reason or another - more or less for photographic or illustrative purposes, as it would be very difficult indeed if not virtually impossible to get one's leg over the prommel horn in petticoats - it was considered proper for a lady to wear chamois or soft leather breeches under her skirts! (3) |
 |
| 1875
Drawing showing the position of a lady's legs while seated also
reveals her chamois breeches! No petticoat here. Notice that the
saddle has a "Leaping Horn" or another prommel horn projecting out over
the leg in the stirrup iron as a security feature. Although some 19th
Century saddles had this fixture, most did not. Some from the
mid-century even sported a stirrup in the shape of a lady's slipper -
most certainly a safety hazard! from The Illustrated Book of the Horse, S. Sidney, 1875 |
 |  |
Here the circa 1875 lady prepares to mount - notice the relative slimness of
the skirt in contrast to those of a decade earlier. |
A
little gallant help never hurt! Here her companion assists with the
mounting process apparently in lieu of a mounting block. Such a
liberty! Let us suppose that they are surely married.
|
 |
| Our fair equestrianne trots away for her morning ride, correctly attired and smartly turned out. from The Illustrated Book of the Horse, S. Sidney, 1875 |
 |
| For the fashionable, a ride in the Park was a chance to socialize, see and be seen, as well as being considered healthful exercise. |
Sources and Notes:
(1) Collier, Gaydell M., "Aside or Astride? Change in Style of Women Riders", Smithsonian Magazine, October 1979 pp. 141-142, (2) Ibid., pp. 138-139 (3) Sidney, S., The Illustrated Book of the Horse 1875 (Reprint) Wilshire Book Co., North Hollywood, CA, 1972, Chapter XV "Hints To Amazones", pp. 315-348 |
All the above from All The Year Round
source: http://women-clothes-store.blogspot.com
To the Life of the Victorian Woman
Sweetness is to woman what sugar is to fruit. It is her first busines to
be happy - a sunbeam in the house, making others happy. True, she will
often have "a tear in her eye", but, like the bride of young Lochinvar,
it must be accompanied with "a smile on her lips."
Girls and women are willing enough to be agreeable to men if they do not happen to stand to them in the relation of father, brother, or husband; but it is not every woman who remembers that her raison d'être is to give out pleasure to all as a fire gives out heat.
Rev. E.J.Hardy, Manners Makyth Man, 1887
Possibly the most important, and most broadly felt pattern dominating the life of the Victorian woman was what the reformer Jane Addams once called the "family claim." According to the family claim, women, far more than men, were regarded as possessions of their families.
In much of the world at the turn of the century, families regarded their sons as possessions too, but by the end of the 18th century in the U.S. important political and economic forces had begun to weaken the ties of parents and sons, but not – to anything like the same extent – between parents and daughters. There were many reasons women continued to be regarded as family possessions.
- Physical demands of Home Work -- America remained an overwhelmingly rural society. In rural homes, technology had made relatively few inroads, and the burden of work for women remained immense. Whether a woman married (which 90% did) or remained single, her life was largely confined to the care of family members and home.
Housework alone required enormous physical effort. Few women stayed in bed past daybreak, even when they were sick. They ran the house, made the clothes, cared for the sick, and grew and processed much of what the family ate. Middle class families in urban areas were beginning to install indoor plumbing and electrical wiring.
But the typical housekeeper's sole labor-saving devices were her treadle sewing machine, the mechanical wringer she used to do the wash, and the great cast-iron stove she fired up each morning to cook the meals and boil the water.
Nursing: In addition, at unpredictable times throughout the year women had to abandon some part of their housework to care for someone who was sick. The major killer, then as now, was heart disease, but tuberculosis, pneumonia, influenza, gastritis, cancer, typhoid fever, diphtheria, malaria, polio, and measles also took a heavy toll, killing many hundreds of thousands every year. Alcoholism and mental illness also added to women's burdens.
Maids: Well-to-do housewives employed cooks, maids, nurses, and laundresses to free them from many of these tasks, but nine out of ten homes never had any domestic help.
Home Production: The burdens of housework kept most wives out of the labor force. Only 3% of white wives (25% of black wives) worked for wages. But farm wives earned money by selling butter and eggs; poor city women took in boarders and did piece work for the garment industry; black women did laundry in their homes.
- Weak State - The physical burdens that women faced were especially great because the US had such a weak state at that time. The US provided none of the social services that we now take for granted: medical services, old age pensions, nursery schools. Women were the doctors, nurses, psychiatrists, teachers, and social workers of the day. Without the services that they provided privately, American society would have collapsed.
- Lack of Reliable Contraception - The physical burdens of family and social care that women shouldered were accentuated by the difficulty they faced in controlling their fertility. As land became more scarce in the US and providing for new generations more difficult, American men and women struggled to limit the number of children they brought into the world. Ever since 1800, the birth rate in America had been declining, from roughly 7 children per family to an average of 3.5 by 1900. This figure excluded blacks, who bore an average of five children, and it masked enormous variation among whites. Women with husbands in the professions or in business routinely had two or fewer children, while rural farm wives and urban immigrants gave birth to as many children as had women in colonial America.
Birth Control: The decline in the birth rate took place before the widespread availability of birth control. Some couples favored abstinence to limit the number of children they bore. Many more favored withdrawal, the rhythm method, or one of a wide range of contraceptive devices then available, including condoms, sponges, douches, and cervical caps. Unfortunately, none of these methods was very effective, and some posed special problems. Abstinence required utter self-denial, withdrawal considerable self-control. Many men objected to using condoms. Douching proved difficult for the great majority who had no bathroom. And the rhythm method often failed because medical texts disagreed about the timing of ovulation. (Many couples carefully restricted intercourse to the period midway between the menses, thinking it to be safe, only to find the wife pregnant nonetheless.) When contraceptive methods failed, one in five pregnancies ended in abortion. Poor women, in particular, relied on this most drastic means of birth control.
The imperfect nature of birth control affected women in two important ways:
First, and most obviously, it made it impossible to plan their lives, because a woman could never predict whether she might become pregnant.
Second, and more subtly, the haphazard nature of birth control had a powerful effect on sexuality. Wherever the appearance of children posed an economic threat, women, more than men, were forced to assume responsibility for sexual control. To achieve economic success men had to be aggressive and out-going; to protect that success, women had to be restrained and modest -- qualities that did not enhance women's chances of becoming economically independent of their families.
Legal Constraints - Wherever private forces were insufficient to enforce the family claim, the law stepped in to guarantee women's compliance.
The marriage contract into which the vast majority of women entered resembled an indenture agreement between master and servant. Indeed, economically speaking, women might be viewed as the last large class of indentured servants in America. Under the terms of the marriage contract, a husband promised to support his wife in return for her promise to serve and obey him, and many men objected to their wives working outside the home on the grounds that doing so violated this solemn agreement. [Note that this agreement limited men as well, by making them single-handedly responsible for the economic support of the family]
Divorce: Once married, only one in ten women divorced. The permanence of most marriages was due to several factors: the relative maturity of those who wed; the cost of maintaining separate households; the difficulty most women found in supporting themselves; as well as the stigma attached to divorce. But the law played an important role as well, especially as legislators became aware of a modest, but nonetheless unsettling, rise in the divorce rate at the end of the century. Between 1889 and 1906, state legislatures, seeking to tighten their laws, greatly reduced the statutory grounds for divorce.
Comstock Laws: The law added force to the traditions that bound women to the family in other ways as well. Women's efforts to control their fertility met especially severe legal resistance. Since the middle of the nineteenth century a movement of middle-class men, led by doctors, but also including such prominent political figures as Theodore Roosevelt, had sought to inhibit what they believed to be an immoral trend among white, middle-class women to restrict childbearing. Warning of "race suicide," by which they meant the extinction of White-Anglo-Saxon-Protestants, these crusaders fought to ban contraception and abortion. By 1900 doctors and their sympathizers had persuaded Congress to outlaw the dissemination of birth control information through the mails; many states restricted the sale or advertising of contraceptive devices; and the Society for the Suppression of Vice, headed by Anthony Comstock was waging a campaign to enforce these laws. Moreover, every state in the country banned abortion except to save the life of a mother.
Economic Restrictions: Women who managed to circumvent the law's effort to control their fertility and enforce the family claim found themselves restricted in other ways. Despite a movement since the middle of the nineteenth century to increase women's economic liberty, most states continued to reinforce patriarchal authority within the home by restricting women's ability to engage in the economic world beyond their households. In Pennsylvania a woman could not enter a business contract without her husband's approval. In Georgia, a woman's earnings belonged to her husband. And in Louisiana a married woman did not have legal title even to the clothes she wore.
It was in the area of public affairs, however, that women suffered the broadest legal disability. Viewed as the dependents of their husbands or fathers, women, for the most part, could not serve on juries; could not hold elective office; and, except in four sparsely populated western states -- Wyoming, Colorado, Idaho, and Utah, could not vote. Thus did the law bind women to the domestic sphere.
Despite the strength of the family claim, structural changes in economic life were beginning to undermine it. By the turn of the century improved technology, an expanding transportation network, and burgeoning cities were pulling women out of the household into jobs and professions that had never existed before or that had long belonged exclusively to men. Indeed, the large-scale migration from farm to city that began as industrialization accelerated in late 19th century America may well be the most important change taking place in women's lives in the early twentieth century. It created jobs and the chance for a limited independence they could not find in rural America.
In 1870 60 percent of the women employed outside the home worked as domestic servants. These jobs allowed working-class daughters to contribute to family income, yet still confined them to a familial setting. By 1900, however, the proportion of women engaged in domestic service had declined to one-third. Meanwhile, factory, office, retail, teaching, and other professional jobs grew at a rapid pace. As a consequence, the number of working women expanded far faster than the growth of the female population. By 1900 about 40% of all unmarried women were working for wages. Young women's increasing separation from family control and their intermingling with men in the world of work fostered a growing spirit of independence.
Changing Opportunities:
Domestic Service: The most common employment for women in 1900 was still domestic service, accounting for a third of all women workers. But long hours limited freedom.
Factory Work: Most women, given the chance, chose factory work over life as a servant, and manufacturing claimed the next largest group of women workers, slightly less than a third. The typical female factory worker tended to be young, single, and an immigrant or the daughter of immigrant, and she tended to be working in the garment industry.
White Collar Work: If a family could afford to keep a daughter in school through the eighth grade and if she spoke good English, the path would be opened to a position as a sales clerk, teacher, secretary.
Prostitution: Between 2-5% of all young women workers turned to prostitution. Contemporaries usually blamed women's low wages for the problem, but other factors were often more important. Among the Chinese lived many prostitutes who had been kidnapped in China and brought to the United States to live in virtual slavery. In the case of many other women, lack of education, trouble at home, unscrupulous seducers, disreputable employment agencies, or a desire for "easy money" often played a part. A young woman making $5.00 a week in a store could make $35.00 as a prostitute. For some women prostitution led to a miserable life of venereal disease, drugs, and crime. But for most the experience seems to have been temporary, lasting no more than five years and ending in a return to menial work at low wages or marriage.
Liberation: Was the world of work liberating for young women? In some ways no, but in others yes.
Sexual Segregation and the Wage Gap: The gender roles that divided work in the family carried over into the world of work outside the home. Rarely did women perform the same work as men. Indeed, in jobs where both men and women were employed, the men were almost always on the way out. Many male workers resented women workers, and condemned them for taking work needed by men. But in fact technological change made direct conflict rare. Employers liked to reserve the growing number of unskilled jobs for women, who were mostly young, temporary workers. They hired men, on the other hand for the higher paying, heavier, and more highly skilled jobs. Overall, upward of 90 percent of all wage-earning women worked in jobs where women workers were heavily concentrated, and where, therefore, the values of the family claim tended to be re-imposed.
The Family Wage: Moreover, because women were restricted in the jobs they could choose, they made about half what men earned. Because women were young, temporary, and had little training they found it difficult to command high wages. But there was another factor, that prevented women from earning as much as a man could, even when they were doing exactly the same work, THE FAMILY WAGE.
Most young women went to work to help their families survive in a world in which the family wage was more ideal than reality, but the world of wage labor proved liberating in small, but important ways. The heterogeneity of the city led women to question traditional values. Mixing daily with men on the streets and in the offices, violating by their very presence the Victorian ideal of separate sexual spheres, they set a new standard of female assertiveness. Their earnings, even if handed over to their mothers, made them less dependent, for they had contributed to the family support, and in doing so gained new power. These experiences rendered their lives before marriage less distinct from those of men and helped them loosen the family claim.
source: http://women-clothes-store.blogspot.com
Girls and women are willing enough to be agreeable to men if they do not happen to stand to them in the relation of father, brother, or husband; but it is not every woman who remembers that her raison d'être is to give out pleasure to all as a fire gives out heat.
Rev. E.J.Hardy, Manners Makyth Man, 1887
Possibly the most important, and most broadly felt pattern dominating the life of the Victorian woman was what the reformer Jane Addams once called the "family claim." According to the family claim, women, far more than men, were regarded as possessions of their families.
In much of the world at the turn of the century, families regarded their sons as possessions too, but by the end of the 18th century in the U.S. important political and economic forces had begun to weaken the ties of parents and sons, but not – to anything like the same extent – between parents and daughters. There were many reasons women continued to be regarded as family possessions.
- Physical demands of Home Work -- America remained an overwhelmingly rural society. In rural homes, technology had made relatively few inroads, and the burden of work for women remained immense. Whether a woman married (which 90% did) or remained single, her life was largely confined to the care of family members and home.
Housework alone required enormous physical effort. Few women stayed in bed past daybreak, even when they were sick. They ran the house, made the clothes, cared for the sick, and grew and processed much of what the family ate. Middle class families in urban areas were beginning to install indoor plumbing and electrical wiring.
But the typical housekeeper's sole labor-saving devices were her treadle sewing machine, the mechanical wringer she used to do the wash, and the great cast-iron stove she fired up each morning to cook the meals and boil the water.
Nursing: In addition, at unpredictable times throughout the year women had to abandon some part of their housework to care for someone who was sick. The major killer, then as now, was heart disease, but tuberculosis, pneumonia, influenza, gastritis, cancer, typhoid fever, diphtheria, malaria, polio, and measles also took a heavy toll, killing many hundreds of thousands every year. Alcoholism and mental illness also added to women's burdens.
Maids: Well-to-do housewives employed cooks, maids, nurses, and laundresses to free them from many of these tasks, but nine out of ten homes never had any domestic help.
Home Production: The burdens of housework kept most wives out of the labor force. Only 3% of white wives (25% of black wives) worked for wages. But farm wives earned money by selling butter and eggs; poor city women took in boarders and did piece work for the garment industry; black women did laundry in their homes.
- Weak State - The physical burdens that women faced were especially great because the US had such a weak state at that time. The US provided none of the social services that we now take for granted: medical services, old age pensions, nursery schools. Women were the doctors, nurses, psychiatrists, teachers, and social workers of the day. Without the services that they provided privately, American society would have collapsed.
- Lack of Reliable Contraception - The physical burdens of family and social care that women shouldered were accentuated by the difficulty they faced in controlling their fertility. As land became more scarce in the US and providing for new generations more difficult, American men and women struggled to limit the number of children they brought into the world. Ever since 1800, the birth rate in America had been declining, from roughly 7 children per family to an average of 3.5 by 1900. This figure excluded blacks, who bore an average of five children, and it masked enormous variation among whites. Women with husbands in the professions or in business routinely had two or fewer children, while rural farm wives and urban immigrants gave birth to as many children as had women in colonial America.
Birth Control: The decline in the birth rate took place before the widespread availability of birth control. Some couples favored abstinence to limit the number of children they bore. Many more favored withdrawal, the rhythm method, or one of a wide range of contraceptive devices then available, including condoms, sponges, douches, and cervical caps. Unfortunately, none of these methods was very effective, and some posed special problems. Abstinence required utter self-denial, withdrawal considerable self-control. Many men objected to using condoms. Douching proved difficult for the great majority who had no bathroom. And the rhythm method often failed because medical texts disagreed about the timing of ovulation. (Many couples carefully restricted intercourse to the period midway between the menses, thinking it to be safe, only to find the wife pregnant nonetheless.) When contraceptive methods failed, one in five pregnancies ended in abortion. Poor women, in particular, relied on this most drastic means of birth control.
The imperfect nature of birth control affected women in two important ways:
First, and most obviously, it made it impossible to plan their lives, because a woman could never predict whether she might become pregnant.
Second, and more subtly, the haphazard nature of birth control had a powerful effect on sexuality. Wherever the appearance of children posed an economic threat, women, more than men, were forced to assume responsibility for sexual control. To achieve economic success men had to be aggressive and out-going; to protect that success, women had to be restrained and modest -- qualities that did not enhance women's chances of becoming economically independent of their families.
Legal Constraints - Wherever private forces were insufficient to enforce the family claim, the law stepped in to guarantee women's compliance.
The marriage contract into which the vast majority of women entered resembled an indenture agreement between master and servant. Indeed, economically speaking, women might be viewed as the last large class of indentured servants in America. Under the terms of the marriage contract, a husband promised to support his wife in return for her promise to serve and obey him, and many men objected to their wives working outside the home on the grounds that doing so violated this solemn agreement. [Note that this agreement limited men as well, by making them single-handedly responsible for the economic support of the family]
Divorce: Once married, only one in ten women divorced. The permanence of most marriages was due to several factors: the relative maturity of those who wed; the cost of maintaining separate households; the difficulty most women found in supporting themselves; as well as the stigma attached to divorce. But the law played an important role as well, especially as legislators became aware of a modest, but nonetheless unsettling, rise in the divorce rate at the end of the century. Between 1889 and 1906, state legislatures, seeking to tighten their laws, greatly reduced the statutory grounds for divorce.
Comstock Laws: The law added force to the traditions that bound women to the family in other ways as well. Women's efforts to control their fertility met especially severe legal resistance. Since the middle of the nineteenth century a movement of middle-class men, led by doctors, but also including such prominent political figures as Theodore Roosevelt, had sought to inhibit what they believed to be an immoral trend among white, middle-class women to restrict childbearing. Warning of "race suicide," by which they meant the extinction of White-Anglo-Saxon-Protestants, these crusaders fought to ban contraception and abortion. By 1900 doctors and their sympathizers had persuaded Congress to outlaw the dissemination of birth control information through the mails; many states restricted the sale or advertising of contraceptive devices; and the Society for the Suppression of Vice, headed by Anthony Comstock was waging a campaign to enforce these laws. Moreover, every state in the country banned abortion except to save the life of a mother.
Economic Restrictions: Women who managed to circumvent the law's effort to control their fertility and enforce the family claim found themselves restricted in other ways. Despite a movement since the middle of the nineteenth century to increase women's economic liberty, most states continued to reinforce patriarchal authority within the home by restricting women's ability to engage in the economic world beyond their households. In Pennsylvania a woman could not enter a business contract without her husband's approval. In Georgia, a woman's earnings belonged to her husband. And in Louisiana a married woman did not have legal title even to the clothes she wore.
It was in the area of public affairs, however, that women suffered the broadest legal disability. Viewed as the dependents of their husbands or fathers, women, for the most part, could not serve on juries; could not hold elective office; and, except in four sparsely populated western states -- Wyoming, Colorado, Idaho, and Utah, could not vote. Thus did the law bind women to the domestic sphere.
Despite the strength of the family claim, structural changes in economic life were beginning to undermine it. By the turn of the century improved technology, an expanding transportation network, and burgeoning cities were pulling women out of the household into jobs and professions that had never existed before or that had long belonged exclusively to men. Indeed, the large-scale migration from farm to city that began as industrialization accelerated in late 19th century America may well be the most important change taking place in women's lives in the early twentieth century. It created jobs and the chance for a limited independence they could not find in rural America.
In 1870 60 percent of the women employed outside the home worked as domestic servants. These jobs allowed working-class daughters to contribute to family income, yet still confined them to a familial setting. By 1900, however, the proportion of women engaged in domestic service had declined to one-third. Meanwhile, factory, office, retail, teaching, and other professional jobs grew at a rapid pace. As a consequence, the number of working women expanded far faster than the growth of the female population. By 1900 about 40% of all unmarried women were working for wages. Young women's increasing separation from family control and their intermingling with men in the world of work fostered a growing spirit of independence.
Changing Opportunities:
Domestic Service: The most common employment for women in 1900 was still domestic service, accounting for a third of all women workers. But long hours limited freedom.
Factory Work: Most women, given the chance, chose factory work over life as a servant, and manufacturing claimed the next largest group of women workers, slightly less than a third. The typical female factory worker tended to be young, single, and an immigrant or the daughter of immigrant, and she tended to be working in the garment industry.
White Collar Work: If a family could afford to keep a daughter in school through the eighth grade and if she spoke good English, the path would be opened to a position as a sales clerk, teacher, secretary.
Prostitution: Between 2-5% of all young women workers turned to prostitution. Contemporaries usually blamed women's low wages for the problem, but other factors were often more important. Among the Chinese lived many prostitutes who had been kidnapped in China and brought to the United States to live in virtual slavery. In the case of many other women, lack of education, trouble at home, unscrupulous seducers, disreputable employment agencies, or a desire for "easy money" often played a part. A young woman making $5.00 a week in a store could make $35.00 as a prostitute. For some women prostitution led to a miserable life of venereal disease, drugs, and crime. But for most the experience seems to have been temporary, lasting no more than five years and ending in a return to menial work at low wages or marriage.
Liberation: Was the world of work liberating for young women? In some ways no, but in others yes.
Sexual Segregation and the Wage Gap: The gender roles that divided work in the family carried over into the world of work outside the home. Rarely did women perform the same work as men. Indeed, in jobs where both men and women were employed, the men were almost always on the way out. Many male workers resented women workers, and condemned them for taking work needed by men. But in fact technological change made direct conflict rare. Employers liked to reserve the growing number of unskilled jobs for women, who were mostly young, temporary workers. They hired men, on the other hand for the higher paying, heavier, and more highly skilled jobs. Overall, upward of 90 percent of all wage-earning women worked in jobs where women workers were heavily concentrated, and where, therefore, the values of the family claim tended to be re-imposed.
The Family Wage: Moreover, because women were restricted in the jobs they could choose, they made about half what men earned. Because women were young, temporary, and had little training they found it difficult to command high wages. But there was another factor, that prevented women from earning as much as a man could, even when they were doing exactly the same work, THE FAMILY WAGE.
Most young women went to work to help their families survive in a world in which the family wage was more ideal than reality, but the world of wage labor proved liberating in small, but important ways. The heterogeneity of the city led women to question traditional values. Mixing daily with men on the streets and in the offices, violating by their very presence the Victorian ideal of separate sexual spheres, they set a new standard of female assertiveness. Their earnings, even if handed over to their mothers, made them less dependent, for they had contributed to the family support, and in doing so gained new power. These experiences rendered their lives before marriage less distinct from those of men and helped them loosen the family claim.
source: http://women-clothes-store.blogspot.com
List of countries by life expectancy
This is a list of countries by life expectancy at birth, the average
number of years a person born in an given country would live if
mortality at each age remains constant in the future. Each entry
includes total population as well as the male and female components.
Several non-sovereign entities are also included in this list. The
figures reflect the quality of healthcare in the countries listed as
well as other factors including ongoing wars, obesity, and HIV/AIDS
infections.
The life expectancy at birth of the world is 67.2 years (65.0 years for males and 69.5 years for females) for 2005–2010, according to United Nations World Population Prospects 2006 Revision and 66.57 years (64.52 years for males and 68.76 years for females) for 2009 according to CIA World Factbook 2009. Women on average live longer than men in all countries, with the exception of Zimbabwe, Lesotho, Swaziland and Afghanistan.
Many of the countries with the lowest life expectancies, namely Swaziland, Angola, Botswana, Lesotho, Zimbabwe, South Africa, Namibia, Zambia, Malawi, the Central African Republic, Mozambique, and Guinea-Bissau, are suffering from very high rates of HIV/AIDS infection, with adult prevalence rates ranging from 10 to 38.8 percent.[3] In countries with high infant mortality rates, the life expectancy at birth will be lower, and may not reflect the life expectancy of a person who has survived his or her first year of life.
source: http://women-clothes-store.blogspot.com
The life expectancy at birth of the world is 67.2 years (65.0 years for males and 69.5 years for females) for 2005–2010, according to United Nations World Population Prospects 2006 Revision and 66.57 years (64.52 years for males and 68.76 years for females) for 2009 according to CIA World Factbook 2009. Women on average live longer than men in all countries, with the exception of Zimbabwe, Lesotho, Swaziland and Afghanistan.
Many of the countries with the lowest life expectancies, namely Swaziland, Angola, Botswana, Lesotho, Zimbabwe, South Africa, Namibia, Zambia, Malawi, the Central African Republic, Mozambique, and Guinea-Bissau, are suffering from very high rates of HIV/AIDS infection, with adult prevalence rates ranging from 10 to 38.8 percent.[3] In countries with high infant mortality rates, the life expectancy at birth will be lower, and may not reflect the life expectancy of a person who has survived his or her first year of life.
source: http://women-clothes-store.blogspot.com
Best GP in UAE
I have had some chronic health issues which I have seen a few doctors
about (here and in Europe) and no-one has any idea so far. The last
doctor I saw here just didn't listen at all and made me do a 1600 dirham
blood test which I had just done in Europe. He plainly refused to do
anything to help unless I did this blood test, so I caved in and of
course it achieved nothing other than to waste my time and money (test
results were fine, as I knew they would be).
It's now getting to the point where I would travel anywhere in the UAE to see someone if they're really good. I've lost months of my life sick in bed already and I've had enough.
So who's the best in the country?
source: http://women-clothes-store.blogspot.com
It's now getting to the point where I would travel anywhere in the UAE to see someone if they're really good. I've lost months of my life sick in bed already and I've had enough.
So who's the best in the country?
source: http://women-clothes-store.blogspot.com
More women have driver's licenses than men in US
WASHINGTON
— Women have passed men on the nation's roads. More women than men now
have driver's licenses, a reversal of a longtime gender gap behind the
wheel that transportation researchers say is likely to have safety and
economic implications.
If
current trends continue, the gap will only widen. The share of teens
and young adults of both sexes with driver's licenses is declining, but
the decline is greater for young men, according to a study by the
University of Michigan's Transportation Research Institute. The study
looked at gender trends in driver's licenses between 1995 and 2010.
"The
changing gender demographics will have major implications on the extent
and nature of vehicle demand, energy consumption, and road safety,"
predicted Michael Sivak, co-author of the study. Women are more likely
than men to purchase smaller, safer and more fuel-efficient cars; to
drive less, and to have a lower fatality rate per distance driven, he
said.
Over
the 15 years the study covered, the share of men ages 25 to 29 years
old with driver's licenses dropped 10.6 percent. The share of women of
the same age with driver's licenses declined by about half that amount,
4.7 percent.
Male
drivers outnumbered women drivers from the moment the first Ford Model T
rolled off the assembly line in 1908, the year the automobile became
popular, and through most of the last century. In the 1950s, when only
about half of adult women had driver's licenses, jokes about women
drivers were a staple of comedians.
But
the gap gradually closed. By 1995, men with driver's licenses slightly
outnumbered women, 89.2 million to 87.4 million. By 2010, 105.7 million
women had licenses, compared with 104.3 million men.
Likewise,
in 1995 men with driver's licenses outnumbered women in every age group
except those over 70. By 2010, women outnumbered men among drivers ages
45 and older and between ages 25 and 29 years old. The share of older
women who are also on hanging onto their driver's licenses has also
increased.
source: http://women-clothes-store.blogspot.com
Dubai Marina recommendations
Can
anyone recommend decent buildings to live in in Dubai Marina? Any to be
avoided would be appreciated as well! Looking on Dubizzle there seems
to be quite a variation in quality.
Thanks,
Mike
Dubai Expat Forum for Expats Living in Dubai Have
you made Dubai your new home? Are you thinking about moving to Dubai?
If you want meet like minded Expats living in Dubai then you have come
to the right place. Join Dubai Expat Forum and discuss food, meet
friends, talk property in Dubai, finances, jobs and much much more.Thanks,
Mike
source: http://women-clothes-store.blogspot.com
need info on emirates/dnata jobs
Hi All,
This is my first post here at expatforums. Thanks for this opportunity.
I am looking forward to relocate to UAE. Recently, I have been offered a job with Emirates/Dnata Operations for a Grade 08 position. I have been given some of the best benefits I could ask for. However, my base salary is yet to be discussed!
My question is,
1. What kind of Base salary can I ask for? provided the benefits include housing, travel allowance, medical insurance for family , education allowance, annual airfare for family, profit sharing, concessional tickets etc.
2. what is it like working for Dnata? Is the environment healthy there? I dont want to leave one not-so impressive place to another not-so impressive place. Hence.
3. Recruitment process?
Thanks in advance for the help. I have read all previous posts related to emirates/dnata. but they haven't helped much, so this post comes.
source: http://women-clothes-store.blogspot.com
This is my first post here at expatforums. Thanks for this opportunity.
I am looking forward to relocate to UAE. Recently, I have been offered a job with Emirates/Dnata Operations for a Grade 08 position. I have been given some of the best benefits I could ask for. However, my base salary is yet to be discussed!
My question is,
1. What kind of Base salary can I ask for? provided the benefits include housing, travel allowance, medical insurance for family , education allowance, annual airfare for family, profit sharing, concessional tickets etc.
2. what is it like working for Dnata? Is the environment healthy there? I dont want to leave one not-so impressive place to another not-so impressive place. Hence.
3. Recruitment process?
Thanks in advance for the help. I have read all previous posts related to emirates/dnata. but they haven't helped much, so this post comes.
source: http://women-clothes-store.blogspot.com
Schools in Dubai
There
is a large number of schools, both primary and secondary in Dubai. Some
offer the British curriculum, some an International one (often with the
Baccalaureate at age 18) and a couple run on the American system.
Others are largely for children from India or Pakistan, or other
nationalities, so there is a school for everyone. Ones marked MOE are
run directly by the Ministry of Education with lessons in Arabic
Schools are overseen by the Knowledge & Human Development Authority (KHDA) and you will find a lot is useful information on their website.
The link below lists all schools showing their current rating and a link to the inspection report.
Government of Dubai | Knowledge and Human Development Authority | Reports
School fees for primary/elementary school will cost you a MINIMUM of AED 30,000 per child ( older children about Dhs 50- 60,000 Dhs a year) - not including uniforms, extracurricular activities or transport. Schools here can have a waiting list, so you may want to reguster with more than one. There will be a registration fee too, but according to KHDA this may nto be more than Dhs 500.
Some other useful links
BSME: British Schools in the Middle East
BSME: British Schools in the Middle East
Welcome to DubaiKidz.Biz
http://www.dubaikidz.biz/schools.html
Schools and Universities in Dubai
UAE schools
Schools are overseen by the Knowledge & Human Development Authority (KHDA) and you will find a lot is useful information on their website.
The link below lists all schools showing their current rating and a link to the inspection report.
Government of Dubai | Knowledge and Human Development Authority | Reports
School fees for primary/elementary school will cost you a MINIMUM of AED 30,000 per child ( older children about Dhs 50- 60,000 Dhs a year) - not including uniforms, extracurricular activities or transport. Schools here can have a waiting list, so you may want to reguster with more than one. There will be a registration fee too, but according to KHDA this may nto be more than Dhs 500.
Some other useful links
BSME: British Schools in the Middle East
BSME: British Schools in the Middle East
Welcome to DubaiKidz.Biz
http://www.dubaikidz.biz/schools.html
Schools and Universities in Dubai
UAE schools
The Visa Run thread
This thread is for UAE expats who have questions about visa runs. Expats
going on visa runs and looking for other expats to join to split costs
evenly can also use this thead to announce trips.
Rules:
1. DO NOT POST YOUR CONTACT DETAILS FOR EVERYONE TO SEE! This includes names, phone numbers and email addresses. Your details will get deleted and you will get an infraction too. This is for your own safety. Use the private message facility instead.
2. Use this thread at your own risk. Stay safe and be careful who you are joining or letting join you for a visa run.
3. This thread is not for people to make money out of visa runs. You are expected to disclose the full cost of the trip in advance and split the costs evenly.
4. Do not use this thread to do business. Private drivers or individuals offering visa runs and people touting for business in general will get an immediate ban from the forum as per the forum rules.
5. Only regular forum members are allowed to post here (those with 5 USEFUL posts or more).
source: http://women-clothes-store.blogspot.com
Rules:
1. DO NOT POST YOUR CONTACT DETAILS FOR EVERYONE TO SEE! This includes names, phone numbers and email addresses. Your details will get deleted and you will get an infraction too. This is for your own safety. Use the private message facility instead.
2. Use this thread at your own risk. Stay safe and be careful who you are joining or letting join you for a visa run.
3. This thread is not for people to make money out of visa runs. You are expected to disclose the full cost of the trip in advance and split the costs evenly.
4. Do not use this thread to do business. Private drivers or individuals offering visa runs and people touting for business in general will get an immediate ban from the forum as per the forum rules.
5. Only regular forum members are allowed to post here (those with 5 USEFUL posts or more).
source: http://women-clothes-store.blogspot.com
Ulitmate guide to renting an apartment in Dubai
Ulitmate guide to renting an apartment in Dubai
I
thought that this might be useful for the forum, as it is a topic that
comes up a lot, and is probably too big to be a section of the "read
before posting" sticky.
When first coming to Dubai, one of the first things many people do is decide where to live. Depending on where they are coming from they have different expectations of the process. I will attempt to give a general guide that everyone can use!
Legal issues
In Dubai the rental contracts are for a fixed term of one year from the start date. As of today (10/9/2011) there is a legal requirement that obligates the landlord to offer the same terms the following year, however this is superceded by the actual terms on the contract, so read read them carefully.
It is legally impossible to rent a long term apartment without a valid residence visa. However the banks will allow you to open an account with a letter from your company stating that the visa is under process. This is somewhat a grey area, as DEWA will also accept this. If for any reason your visa does not happen you will forfeit any legal right to money spent on rent for the apartment.
Many landlords will only accept payment in one to four cheques. These cheques are payable at the start of the contract and in the event that you have agreed to pay in more then one, the others are post dated. This is very important as the cheques are more then just a method of payment in Dubai, they are a legally enforced bond, and there can be serious consequences if you don't cover the funds.
Generally there is a period of notice at the end of a contract, within which you tell the landlord whether or not you are staying. If you fail to give notice, then legally you are bound to renew on the same terms. This is really important as you don't want to be bound into two contracts if you have found a new place.
Only make cheques payable to the registered owner. The only way of checking the owner is to see the title deed, or the sales contract. Either of these are valid proof. You may also make payment to a power of Attorney (poa). In this instance it is wise to have the POA document checked. There are commonly in Arabic, and will sometimes be dated and should always have the court stamps and stickers attached. If its a copy and you have doubts,then ask to see the original.
Agents
Everyones favorite people! There is a massive variety of people who operate in Dubai as real estate agents, reflecting the general diversity of the population. These differing people work to different ethics and standards, and you will have to find someone you trust and are comfortable working with. A word of warning however, most agents do not have very high professional standards, and will generally not respond to emails, texts etc. There are others that do but they are a minortiy.
The main source of properties in Dubai is a website called Dubizzle.com. Most agents in Dubai will put there properties on there on a daily basis. An important difference in Dubai as opposed to the UK is that there is no sole agency system in Dubai. A landlord can as will give his property to many different agents. This leads to problems when trying to arrnage viewings, as it is not uncommon to view the same property with different agents. It is also fairly common for an agent to send a client directly to a property without going to meet them. This leads to further issues such as doors being locked, or walking in on people who have just moved in. In order to avoid these occurances there are a few steps you can take, such as booking viewings a day in advance, and reconfirming an hour before you go. Ask who you are going to be meeting, and where. Try to confirm which apartment/villa you are going to see and check you haven't seen it already. If you find an apartment you like, only put the offer through the agent who showed you it. By shopping for a better price through a different agent, the landlord will think that there are several interested parties and will be firmer on his price. Also try to only see properties that an agent has direct, as if there are more agents invloved they will try to charge more commisssion to make it worthwhile.
The agent is responsible for arranging all the paper work, and drawing contracts. Before handing over any money you should see all the ownership documents, and also make sure that the agent is registered with RERA, as it is illegal to deal with an unauthorised free lance agent. Try to do the paper work in their office and NEVER make rent cheques payable to an agent unless they have a valid POA. Check the POA with the court if the agent is claiming to be the POA.
Bills
Almost as popular as agents! Every property in Dubai needs to have DEWA connected. Dubai Electric and Water is exactly that. On top of the actual amount of each that you use you will also be liable for a housing fee. This is essentially a tax collected through DEWA. The amount is 5% of the total rent for the year, split into monthly payments. You can pay DEWA online, at petrol stations, or a variety of other places.
If you live in an apartment, depending on the area you may also have a chiller fee. This is where the AC is centralised and charged per apartment. All of the Palm and JBR is like this, as are some towers on the Marina and Downtown. You need to check how much this fee is as it can be scary, and make a cheap apartment look like less of a bargain.
Depending on where the property is determines who the service supplier is for TV, interent and Landline. It will be either Du or Etisalat, and there is no choice in the matter. They are both fairly expensive, and make sure you choose the package you want in the beginning as changing it is heartbreakingly difficult.
Gas supply changes from building to building, with most just being a simple canister arrangement, but check when you are viewing a property that you think you will like.
Areas
Difficult one this, and I will only give a very brief overview.
Arabian ranches
Very popular with families. Range from 2 bed townhouses to 6 bed Hattan villas. Prices from about 75k to 340k
Marina
Very popular with everyone. Bit noisy, massively varying quality in the different towers. Stick to developments by Emaar, Cayan, Trident and you will find a nice apartment. If you are a bigger family or have a bigger budget then the Original 6 is probably the best development.
Palm
Possibly the best place to live in Dubai! (I am biased!) Good mix of villas and apartments. All a little bigger then the norm in the Marina. Goes from modestly priced to very expensive. Contact me for specific information.
Downtown
This covers all the big towers of Shiekh Zayed and all the Emaar area around Dubai Mall. Very popular place, like the Marina but possibly better siuated with more amenities. DIFC is very close and is an upcoming area of Dubai
Tecom
Good mix of lower priced apartments, and again an area that is improving daily, with the development being finished and shops and ameninites setting up there.
Greens
Very nice lower priced family area with a nice mix of shops and facilities, and low and high rise apartments.
Al Barsha
Not a big fan myself, but close to the Mall Of Emirates and all the attendant facilities. Good liks to the Metro as well.
Diera/Bur Dubai
The older part of Dubai. A lot less western then the other areas mentioned, but no worse for it. Massive diversity of apartments and villas, and you would have to source a specialist too guide you through.
Jumeirah/Umm Sequim
Ranges from exclusive to dilapidated, and again an area that specialist agents have made their own. Source a good one and be guided
Mirdiff
Cheap and cheerful housing, larger than many other areas mentioned, but several pitfalls. Large parts of this area are directly under the flightpath of DXB, and it can be very noisy. The villas are independantly owned and maintenance can be hit and miss.
JBR
I am not a fan of this development at all, but there are positives, such as easy access to the shops bars and restaurants, and of course the beach, but the apartments are dark, with tiny balconies, and funny layouts
General tips
The standard of finishing in Dubai is not always as you'd hope and expect for such a new place. Moving into a brand new building is always a gamble, as there are nightmare stories that I have encountered. Be prepared to have to wait considerable amount of time to have problems rectified.
When starting a new lease it is fair to expect it to be painted afresh, but make sure you request it. It is also understood that you will repaint when leaving. This amount can and is deducted from the security deposit at the end of the tenancy.
This is all I can think of at the moment, but I will add to it as I remember other stuff, and I hope it helps some people through the process!
When first coming to Dubai, one of the first things many people do is decide where to live. Depending on where they are coming from they have different expectations of the process. I will attempt to give a general guide that everyone can use!
Legal issues
In Dubai the rental contracts are for a fixed term of one year from the start date. As of today (10/9/2011) there is a legal requirement that obligates the landlord to offer the same terms the following year, however this is superceded by the actual terms on the contract, so read read them carefully.
It is legally impossible to rent a long term apartment without a valid residence visa. However the banks will allow you to open an account with a letter from your company stating that the visa is under process. This is somewhat a grey area, as DEWA will also accept this. If for any reason your visa does not happen you will forfeit any legal right to money spent on rent for the apartment.
Many landlords will only accept payment in one to four cheques. These cheques are payable at the start of the contract and in the event that you have agreed to pay in more then one, the others are post dated. This is very important as the cheques are more then just a method of payment in Dubai, they are a legally enforced bond, and there can be serious consequences if you don't cover the funds.
Generally there is a period of notice at the end of a contract, within which you tell the landlord whether or not you are staying. If you fail to give notice, then legally you are bound to renew on the same terms. This is really important as you don't want to be bound into two contracts if you have found a new place.
Only make cheques payable to the registered owner. The only way of checking the owner is to see the title deed, or the sales contract. Either of these are valid proof. You may also make payment to a power of Attorney (poa). In this instance it is wise to have the POA document checked. There are commonly in Arabic, and will sometimes be dated and should always have the court stamps and stickers attached. If its a copy and you have doubts,then ask to see the original.
Agents
Everyones favorite people! There is a massive variety of people who operate in Dubai as real estate agents, reflecting the general diversity of the population. These differing people work to different ethics and standards, and you will have to find someone you trust and are comfortable working with. A word of warning however, most agents do not have very high professional standards, and will generally not respond to emails, texts etc. There are others that do but they are a minortiy.
The main source of properties in Dubai is a website called Dubizzle.com. Most agents in Dubai will put there properties on there on a daily basis. An important difference in Dubai as opposed to the UK is that there is no sole agency system in Dubai. A landlord can as will give his property to many different agents. This leads to problems when trying to arrnage viewings, as it is not uncommon to view the same property with different agents. It is also fairly common for an agent to send a client directly to a property without going to meet them. This leads to further issues such as doors being locked, or walking in on people who have just moved in. In order to avoid these occurances there are a few steps you can take, such as booking viewings a day in advance, and reconfirming an hour before you go. Ask who you are going to be meeting, and where. Try to confirm which apartment/villa you are going to see and check you haven't seen it already. If you find an apartment you like, only put the offer through the agent who showed you it. By shopping for a better price through a different agent, the landlord will think that there are several interested parties and will be firmer on his price. Also try to only see properties that an agent has direct, as if there are more agents invloved they will try to charge more commisssion to make it worthwhile.
The agent is responsible for arranging all the paper work, and drawing contracts. Before handing over any money you should see all the ownership documents, and also make sure that the agent is registered with RERA, as it is illegal to deal with an unauthorised free lance agent. Try to do the paper work in their office and NEVER make rent cheques payable to an agent unless they have a valid POA. Check the POA with the court if the agent is claiming to be the POA.
Bills
Almost as popular as agents! Every property in Dubai needs to have DEWA connected. Dubai Electric and Water is exactly that. On top of the actual amount of each that you use you will also be liable for a housing fee. This is essentially a tax collected through DEWA. The amount is 5% of the total rent for the year, split into monthly payments. You can pay DEWA online, at petrol stations, or a variety of other places.
If you live in an apartment, depending on the area you may also have a chiller fee. This is where the AC is centralised and charged per apartment. All of the Palm and JBR is like this, as are some towers on the Marina and Downtown. You need to check how much this fee is as it can be scary, and make a cheap apartment look like less of a bargain.
Depending on where the property is determines who the service supplier is for TV, interent and Landline. It will be either Du or Etisalat, and there is no choice in the matter. They are both fairly expensive, and make sure you choose the package you want in the beginning as changing it is heartbreakingly difficult.
Gas supply changes from building to building, with most just being a simple canister arrangement, but check when you are viewing a property that you think you will like.
Areas
Difficult one this, and I will only give a very brief overview.
Arabian ranches
Very popular with families. Range from 2 bed townhouses to 6 bed Hattan villas. Prices from about 75k to 340k
Marina
Very popular with everyone. Bit noisy, massively varying quality in the different towers. Stick to developments by Emaar, Cayan, Trident and you will find a nice apartment. If you are a bigger family or have a bigger budget then the Original 6 is probably the best development.
Palm
Possibly the best place to live in Dubai! (I am biased!) Good mix of villas and apartments. All a little bigger then the norm in the Marina. Goes from modestly priced to very expensive. Contact me for specific information.
Downtown
This covers all the big towers of Shiekh Zayed and all the Emaar area around Dubai Mall. Very popular place, like the Marina but possibly better siuated with more amenities. DIFC is very close and is an upcoming area of Dubai
Tecom
Good mix of lower priced apartments, and again an area that is improving daily, with the development being finished and shops and ameninites setting up there.
Greens
Very nice lower priced family area with a nice mix of shops and facilities, and low and high rise apartments.
Al Barsha
Not a big fan myself, but close to the Mall Of Emirates and all the attendant facilities. Good liks to the Metro as well.
Diera/Bur Dubai
The older part of Dubai. A lot less western then the other areas mentioned, but no worse for it. Massive diversity of apartments and villas, and you would have to source a specialist too guide you through.
Jumeirah/Umm Sequim
Ranges from exclusive to dilapidated, and again an area that specialist agents have made their own. Source a good one and be guided
Mirdiff
Cheap and cheerful housing, larger than many other areas mentioned, but several pitfalls. Large parts of this area are directly under the flightpath of DXB, and it can be very noisy. The villas are independantly owned and maintenance can be hit and miss.
JBR
I am not a fan of this development at all, but there are positives, such as easy access to the shops bars and restaurants, and of course the beach, but the apartments are dark, with tiny balconies, and funny layouts
General tips
The standard of finishing in Dubai is not always as you'd hope and expect for such a new place. Moving into a brand new building is always a gamble, as there are nightmare stories that I have encountered. Be prepared to have to wait considerable amount of time to have problems rectified.
When starting a new lease it is fair to expect it to be painted afresh, but make sure you request it. It is also understood that you will repaint when leaving. This amount can and is deducted from the security deposit at the end of the tenancy.
This is all I can think of at the moment, but I will add to it as I remember other stuff, and I hope it helps some people through the process!
source: http://women-clothes-store.blogspot.com
Cars and Driving Questions
There's been alot of questions in
the salary thread and in other places about buying cars, renting cars
and other driving questions.
I thought a dedicated thread would encourage centralization of knowledge, and provide a decluttering of other places.
Do I need a car in dubai.
Mavzor: Yes. That is all.
Should I rent or Buy.
Mavzor: Do you enjoy cars? Are you going to be here for more than a year?
What sort of car should I buy?
Mavzor. Might be worth your time to make a post describing what your budget is, what your usage will be, and cars you used to own.
Should I buy a used car?
Mavzor: Are you accustomed to new cars? Do you or someone you know possess mechanical knowledge/awareness?
Should I bring my car to dubai?
Mavzor: Unless it's something special to you, no.
To provide context on my responses, a major reason I moved to dubai was for the price of cars, the quality of the roads, the car culture, and the price of petrol and repairs.
There are many more questions out there, and I'd be happy to include your questions and responses. In particular I'd welcome Jynxgirl's responses among other expat regulars.
Otherwise here's a new place
source: http://women-clothes-store.blogspot.com
I thought a dedicated thread would encourage centralization of knowledge, and provide a decluttering of other places.
Do I need a car in dubai.
Mavzor: Yes. That is all.
Should I rent or Buy.
Mavzor: Do you enjoy cars? Are you going to be here for more than a year?
What sort of car should I buy?
Mavzor. Might be worth your time to make a post describing what your budget is, what your usage will be, and cars you used to own.
Should I buy a used car?
Mavzor: Are you accustomed to new cars? Do you or someone you know possess mechanical knowledge/awareness?
Should I bring my car to dubai?
Mavzor: Unless it's something special to you, no.
To provide context on my responses, a major reason I moved to dubai was for the price of cars, the quality of the roads, the car culture, and the price of petrol and repairs.
There are many more questions out there, and I'd be happy to include your questions and responses. In particular I'd welcome Jynxgirl's responses among other expat regulars.
Otherwise here's a new place
source: http://women-clothes-store.blogspot.com
Post your UK visa timeline here
Britain Expat Forum for Expats Living in the UK The
Britain Expats forum is a community of people that have moved to the UK
from overseas. This is the place for Expats to meet and discuss
anything about the British way of life.
Hello all!
I can't seem to find a thread where only UK visa-seekers can post and update their visa processing timeline so I thought it may be useful to start one to share info.
Please list the following:
Country applying from:
Type of visa applied for:
Date application submitted (online or in person):
Date biometrics taken:
Date documentation was received by UK Border Agency office:
Office location processing your visa:
Projected timeline given:
Date your visa was received:
Thanks
http://www.expatforum.com/expats/britain-expat-forum-expats-living-uk/30135-post-your-uk-visa-timeline-here.html
source: http://women-clothes-store.blogspot.com
Hello all!
I can't seem to find a thread where only UK visa-seekers can post and update their visa processing timeline so I thought it may be useful to start one to share info.
Please list the following:
Country applying from:
Type of visa applied for:
Date application submitted (online or in person):
Date biometrics taken:
Date documentation was received by UK Border Agency office:
Office location processing your visa:
Projected timeline given:
Date your visa was received:
Thanks
http://www.expatforum.com/expats/britain-expat-forum-expats-living-uk/30135-post-your-uk-visa-timeline-here.html
source: http://women-clothes-store.blogspot.com
spouse visa for uk from pakistan
hi,
i went to pakistan for two weeks january 2012 and was introduced to my
now wife, we got married i was there for 2 weeks , now back in the uk i
need to get the paperwork ready so she can apply for spouse visa to join
me here, so far i have
3 months payslips my current salary is 19300
3 months bank statements
i have telephone bills showing ive been calling her
letter from my employer showing when i started working there and my wage
i have got a house inspection report from a local estate agent confirming the amount of rooms so theres no overcrowding
currently living with my grandfathers house which i will inherent, so ive got a copy of his deed for the preoperty and letter from him saying i can live in the preoperty rent free
i have got the photos from the wedding and im planning on taking more photos with my wife when we go out so we can include them
we also have the marriage certificate made in english (nikkah namah)
ive also got copys of my passport showing the time i was in pakistan in january, i will be going back start of may for 3 weeks so i can include that when she applys for the visa there
ive also got the gas and electric bills and water bill in my name which i can include proving i live here
she will pass the english test there easily as good in english so thats not an issue
ive only got around a £1200 in savings but i have got a permanent job 1273 after tax a month
i will also include a letter sponsoring her showing how we met etc
will this be sufficent is there anything im missing that i should add
your help and info will be appreciated
thank you
3 months payslips my current salary is 19300
3 months bank statements
i have telephone bills showing ive been calling her
letter from my employer showing when i started working there and my wage
i have got a house inspection report from a local estate agent confirming the amount of rooms so theres no overcrowding
currently living with my grandfathers house which i will inherent, so ive got a copy of his deed for the preoperty and letter from him saying i can live in the preoperty rent free
i have got the photos from the wedding and im planning on taking more photos with my wife when we go out so we can include them
we also have the marriage certificate made in english (nikkah namah)
ive also got copys of my passport showing the time i was in pakistan in january, i will be going back start of may for 3 weeks so i can include that when she applys for the visa there
ive also got the gas and electric bills and water bill in my name which i can include proving i live here
she will pass the english test there easily as good in english so thats not an issue
ive only got around a £1200 in savings but i have got a permanent job 1273 after tax a month
i will also include a letter sponsoring her showing how we met etc
will this be sufficent is there anything im missing that i should add
your help and info will be appreciated
thank you
http://www.expatforum.com/expats/britain-expat-forum-expats-living-uk/109079-spouse-visa-uk-pakistan.html
source: http://women-clothes-store.blogspot.com
Inscription à :
Articles (Atom)